Sand
What is Sand?
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. It is formed through the weathering and erosion of rocks over long periods. The composition of sand varies depending on the source rock, but it is primarily composed of silica (silicon dioxide) in the form of quartz. Other minerals, such as feldspar, mica, and various rock fragments, can also be present. Sand is typically found in beaches, deserts, and riverbeds. It is used in construction, manufacturing glass, and as a component in various industrial processes.
Optical Properties
- Refractive Index
- 1.544-1.553 (quartz)
- Birefringence
- Variable
- Pleochroism
- None
- Optical Character
- Variable
- Dispersion
- Variable
Discover Values
Market Value Factors
Pricing varies for every rock and mineral, so use these universal factors to gauge Sand before comparing listings or appraisals.
Size & Weight
Larger, intact specimens usually command higher prices.
Rarity & Demand
Scarce material or popular varieties sell at a premium.
Condition & Finish
Chips, repairs, and heavy wear lower value; clean prep helps.
Treatment & Provenance
Untreated specimens with documented locality are prized.
Sand Localities Map
See where Sand is found with a localities map, collecting zones, and geology context. Generate a sample map preview below.
Quick Facts
Physical Properties
- Color
- Variable, typically tan, brown, white, or gray
- Hardness (Mohs)
- 7
- Density
- 2.65 g/cm³
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
- Crystal System
- Amorphous
Chemical Properties
- Chemical Formula
- SiO2 (primarily)
- Elements
- Si, O (primarily)
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Sand FAQs
How do I identify Sand?
Sand can be identified by its hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, Variable color, Vitreous to dull luster, Amorphous crystal system. Look for these key characteristics when examining specimens.
What color is Sand?
Sand typically appears in Variable, typically tan, brown, white, or gray. Color can vary depending on impurities and formation conditions.
How hard is Sand?
Sand has a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale. This makes it a relatively hard mineral suitable for jewelry.