Ivory
What is Ivory?
Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks and teeth of animals, primarily elephants, but also walruses, hippopotamuses, and other mammals. It is composed mainly of dentin, a dense, calcified tissue. Ivory has been prized for centuries for its beauty, workability, and durability, used in carvings, jewelry, and other decorative objects. The color can range from white to creamy yellow, depending on the age and mineral content. Due to the illegal trade and endangerment of the animals that produce ivory, its trade is heavily regulated.
Optical Properties
- Refractive Index
- Approximately 1.54
- Birefringence
- Weak
- Pleochroism
- None
- Optical Character
- Isotropic
- Dispersion
- Low
Market Value Factors
Pricing varies for every rock and mineral, so use these universal factors to gauge Ivory before comparing listings or appraisals.
Size & Weight
Larger, intact specimens usually command higher prices.
Rarity & Demand
Scarce material or popular varieties sell at a premium.
Condition & Finish
Chips, repairs, and heavy wear lower value; clean prep helps.
Treatment & Provenance
Untreated specimens with documented locality are prized.
Ivory Localities Map
See where Ivory is found with a localities map, collecting zones, and geology context. Generate a sample map preview below.
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Quick Facts
Physical Properties
- Color
- White, Cream, Yellowish-brown
- Hardness (Mohs)
- 2.5
- Density
- 1.70 to 1.90 g/cm³
- Streak
- White
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
- Crystal System
- Amorphous
Chemical Properties
- Chemical Formula
- Complex organic matrix with calcium phosphate.
- Elements
- Carbon, Calcium, Phosphorus, and trace elements.
Also Known As
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Ivory FAQs
How do I identify Ivory?
Ivory can be identified by its hardness of 2.5 on the Mohs scale, White color, Vitreous to waxy luster, Amorphous crystal system. Look for these key characteristics when examining specimens.
What color is Ivory?
Ivory typically appears in White, Cream, Yellowish-brown. Color can vary depending on impurities and formation conditions.
How hard is Ivory?
Ivory has a hardness of 2.5 on the Mohs scale. This makes it a soft mineral that can be scratched easily.